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Beginner's Guide to Parts of the Sewing Machine

Writer's picture: Amy BuddAmy Budd


A Janome sewing machine on a white table

If you are new to sewing and have just bought a sewing machine, you might be wondering what all of the different parts are and what they do.   Or you might have inherited a machine which doesn't have a manual. Different brands of sewing machine may have slightly different layouts but there are always the same standard parts which you’ll need to become familiar with.  Here is a break down of my machine to help you start out on the right track with your own! (The pictures are all above their individual explanation!)


A presser foot pressure dial on a sewing machine

Presser Foot Pressure Dial

This is located on the top of the machine and does what it says it will!  It controls the pressure of the presser foot on the fabric.  Most of the time you shouldn’t need to fiddle around with it too much.  The general rule is the lighter the fabric, the lower the number should be set to.



A pink reel of thread on the spool holder of a sewing machine

Spool holder and spool pin

Your reel of thread will sit on the spool pin and be held in place by the spool holder.  This is the thread that eventually feeds into your needle.


The needle plate of a sewing machine

Needle plate

This is a removable plate which covers the bobbin case and has useful seam lines like 5/8’s, 3/8s, etc to guide you with your seam allowances as you sew.



The tension dial on a sewing machine

Thread tension dial

The perfect straight stitch locks in the middle of the two layers of fabric.  If either the bobbin or the needle thread is showing on the opposite side of the fabric then you should check your tension and use the tension dial to either tighten or loosen the tension.



The thread take up lever on a sewing machine

Thread take up lever

This is located above the presser foot and goes up and down as you sew.  The thread is looped round this lever as part of the needle threading process and the lever helps to draw the thread from the spool as you sew


The thread cutter on a sewing machine

Thread cutter

This can be used to cut your threads after sewing a seam.  Draw the thread out and to the left hand side of the machine – loop it through the cutter and pull gently to cut the thread.



The hook cover on a sewing machine

Hook cover plate

This plate is removable and covers the bobbin case.  It has a diagram of how to thread the bobbin on its surface and also some seam guide lines.


The bobbin case of a sewing machine with a bobbin inside with pink thread wound onto it

Bobbin case / holder

This is where the bobbin is placed in order to sew.  It has metal grooves around the edge to guide the thread which comes off the bobbin.



The touch panel of a sewing machine

Touch panel

This is where you can select which type of stitches you use and their width and length.



The LCD display on a sewing machine, three operating buttons and the speed slider

LCD Display and operating buttons

This includes the needle up/down button, the automatic thread cutter button, twin needle button and also the speed control slider.



The thread guide on a sewing machine

Thread guide

This section is used to guide the thread – the circular metal piece guides it when the bobbin is winding.  The rest of this section guides the thread when threading the needle.



The bobbin winder spindle on a sewing machine

Bobbin winder spindle

This is what the bobbin sits on when you are winding thread onto it.   It can be pushed to the right so that the bobbin thread comes into contact with the bobbin winder stopper when its full.


The accessories draw on a sewing machine

Accessories draw

This houses spare bobbins, various presser feet and other accessories for the machine, like a mini screwdriver.  It can be pulled off to allow access to the ‘free arm’ of the machine which helps when sewing sleeves or loops.



The free arm of a sewing machine

Free arm of the machine as mentioned above!



Operating buttons on a sewing machine

More operating buttons

The start / stop button which you can use if you disengage the foot pedal.  The reverse stitch button to sew backwards and the auto-lock button to sew a locking stitch.



The hand wheel on a sewing machine

Handwheel

Located on the right-hand side of the machine.  You can use this to manually lower the needle.



The feed dogs on a sewing machine

Feed dogs

These are the little metal teeth that help the fabric pass through the sewing machine as you are stitching.  They appear up through holes in the needle plate.



The automatic needle threader on a sewing machine

Needle threader

This can be pulled down from inside the machine to automatically thread the needle (if you are struggling to do it manually).



The hole for the additional spool pin on a sewing machine

Hole for additional spool pin

This is used for twin needle sewing and holds the second spool pin for the additional thread.  It's located on top of the machine. You can also use it to wind a new bobbin without unthreading the machine.



The needle, needle clamp screw, presser foot and foot holder of a sewing machine

Needle – needle clamp screw – foot holder and presser foot

Hopefully these are all self explanatory!



The presser foot lifter on a sewing machine

Presser foot lifter

Used to manually lift the presser foot. This picture is taken from the back of the machine and the lever is inside the middle 'arch' of the machine.

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